Lives
LIVES.-The principal life of Alexander I. is that, in Russian, by Nikolai Karlovich Schilder, Imperator Aleksander, etc. (4 vols., St Petersb., 1897, 1898). See also Bogdanovich, History of the Government of the Emperor Alexander I. (St Petersburg, 1869-1871, Nikolaus I. Band i. Kaiser Alexander I. und die Ergebnisse seiner Lebensarbeit (Berl., 1904), a valuable study based upon much new material from the state archives of St Petersburg, Paris, Berlin and Vienna; A. Vandal, Napoleon et Alexandre I.: l'alliance Russe sous le premier empire (3 vols., Paris, 1891-1896); A. N. Pypin, Political and Literary Movements under Alexander I. (Russian, 2nd ed. St Petersburg, 1885; German, Berlin, 1894). Among the numerous less authoritative biographies may be mentioned Ivan Golovin, Histoire d'Alexandre I. (Leipzig, 1859), and C. Joyneville, Life and Times of Alexander I. (3 vols., 1875). This last contains much valuable information, but the references in footnotes are often wanting in precision, and it has no index. (W. A. P.)
1 Savary to Napoleon, Nov. 4, 1807. Tatischeff, p. 226.
2 Circular of Count Muraviev, Aug. 24, 1898.
3 Instructions to M. Novosiltsov, Sept. 11, 1804. Tatiseheff, p. 82.
4 Savary to Napoleon, Nov. 18, 1807. Tatischeff, p. 232.
5 Coulaincourt to Napoleon, 4th report, Aug. 3, 1809. Tatischeff, p. 496.
6 Alexander speaking to Colonel Michaud. Tatischeff, p. 612.
7 Castlereagh to Liverpool, Oct. 2, 1814. F.O. Papers. Vienna VII.
8 Martens IV. oart i. p. 49.
9 Etat des negociations actueelles, etc., mem. prepared by order of the Tsar, July 16, 1815, enclosed in Castlereagh to Liverpool, F.O. Cont. papers. Congress Paris, Castlereagh, 22.
10 Despatch of Lieven, Nov. 30 (Dec. 12), 1819, and Russ. Circular of Jan. 27, 1820. Martens IV. part i. p. 270.
11 Apercu des idees de l'Empereur, Martens IV. part i. p. 269.
12 Metternich Mem.
13 Martens IV. part i. pp. 307, etc.
14 See W. Gasiorowski, Tragic Russia, translated by Viscount de Busancy (London, 1908).
Note - this article incorporates content from Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, (1910-1911)
