Jahn, Johann
JAHN, JOHANN (1750-1816), German Orientalist, was born at Tasswitz, Moravia, on the 18th of June 1750. He studied philosophy at Olmiitz, and in 1772 began his theological studies at the Premonstratensian convent of Bruck, near Znaim. Having been ordained in 1775, he for a short time held a cure at Mislitz, but was soon recalled to Bruck as professor of Oriental languages and Biblical hermeneutics. On the suppression of the convent by Joseph II. in 1784, Jahn took up similar work at Olmiitz, and in 1789 he was transferred to Vienna as professor of Oriental languages, biblical archaeology and dogmatics. In 1792 he published his Einlcitung ins Alte Testament (2 vols.), which soon brought him into trouble; the cardinal-archbishop of Vienna laid a complaint against him for having departed from the traditional teaching of the Church, e.g. by asserting Job, Jonah, Tobit and Judith to be didactic poems, and the cases of demoniacal possession in the New Testament to be cases of dangerous disease. An ecclesiastical commission reported that the views themselves were not necessarily heretical, but that Jahn had erred in showing too little consideration for the views of German Catholic theologians in coming into conflict with his bishop, and in raising difficult problems by which the unlearned might be led astray. He was accordingly advised to modify his expressions in future. Although he appears honestly to have accepted this judgment, the hostility of his opponents did not cease until at last (1806) he was compelled to accept a canonry at St Stephen's, Vienna, which involved the resignation of his chair. This step had been preceded by the condemnation of his Inlroduclio in libros sacros veteris foederis in compendium redacta, published in 1804, and also of his Archaeologia biblica in compendium redacta (1805). The only work of importance, outside the region of mere philology, afterwards published by him, was the Enchiridion Hermeneuticae (1812). lie died on the 16th of August 1816.
Besides the works already mentioned, he published Hebrdische Sprachlehre fur Anfdn^er (1792); Aramdische od. Chaldaische u. .Syrische SpracUehrefurA nf anger ( 1 793) ; A rabische Sprachlehre(i 796) ; Elementarbuck der hebr. Sprache (1799); Chaldaische Chrestomathit (1800); Arabische Chrestomathie (1802); Lexicon arabico-lalinum chrestomathiae accommodatum (1802); an edition of the Hebrew Bible (1806); Grammatita linguae hebraicae (1809); a critical commentary on the Messianic passages of the Old Testament ( Vaticinia propkelarum de Jesu Messia, 1815). In l8?l a collection of Nach\rdge appeared, containing six dissertations on Biblical subjects. The English translation of the Archaeologia by T. C. Upham (1840) tia* passed through several editions.
Note - this article incorporates content from Encyclopaedia Britannica, Eleventh Edition, (1910-1911)
